Independent cloud verification

Cloud forecast, tested.

A fixed 30-location cohort pairs the ~12-hour cloud forecast with an independent satellite mask for each astronomically dark hour.

Cloud only · not the full GoodSeeing score
5,331Verified completed-night hours
30 / 10Locations toward gate
23 / 14Completed nights toward gate
100%Publication gate
Published skill · rolling 90 days

Two cohorts. Never averaged together.

Download auditable CSV
Populated skies · 0-24h lead

Peirce skill +0.48

52% observed clear-hour base rate · +0.48 Heidke skill · 26.5 point cloud MAE.

1,448 matched hours · 23 nights · 8 locations · cells 568/186/189/505 (hit / false alarm / miss / correct cloudy) · updated 2026-09-19

Dark-site references · 0-24h lead

Peirce skill +0.54

42% observed clear-hour base rate · +0.54 Heidke skill · 22.6 point cloud MAE.

3,883 matched hours · 23 nights · 22 locations · cells 1139/373/478/1893 (hit / false alarm / miss / correct cloudy) · updated 2026-09-19

Completed-night evidence

One night or one location—without the spreadsheet.

~12h reference forecast
Acadia National Park2026-09-17 · 8 dark hours · GOES
0.9 ptcloud MAE · 8 matching classifications · 0 discrepancies · 0% observed clear
Alice Springs2026-09-17 · 9 dark hours · HIMAWARI
1.3 ptcloud MAE · 9 matching classifications · 0 discrepancies · 100% observed clear
Aoraki Mackenzie (Lake Tekapo)2026-09-17 · 9 dark hours · HIMAWARI
23.7 ptcloud MAE · 9 matching classifications · 0 discrepancies · 67% observed clear
Big Bend National Park2026-09-17 · 9 dark hours · GOES
11.3 ptcloud MAE · 7 matching classifications · 2 discrepancies · 100% observed clear
Bannau Brycheiniog (Brecon Beacons)2026-09-17 · 7 dark hours · EUMETSAT
42.7 ptcloud MAE · 2 matching classifications · 5 discrepancies · 71% observed clear
Cherry Springs State Park2026-09-17 · 9 dark hours · GOES
6.0 ptcloud MAE · 9 matching classifications · 0 discrepancies · 0% observed clear
Chicago2026-09-17 · 8 dark hours · GOES
32.1 ptcloud MAE · 6 matching classifications · 2 discrepancies · 25% observed clear
Columbus2026-09-17 · 8 dark hours · GOES
31.7 ptcloud MAE · 5 matching classifications · 3 discrepancies · 38% observed clear
Cosmic Campground2026-09-17 · 9 dark hours · GOES
48.6 ptcloud MAE · 4 matching classifications · 5 discrepancies · 44% observed clear
Death Valley National Park2026-09-17 · 9 dark hours · GOES
0.0 ptcloud MAE · 9 matching classifications · 0 discrepancies · 100% observed clear
Elan Valley2026-09-17 · 7 dark hours · EUMETSAT
29.8 ptcloud MAE · 6 matching classifications · 1 discrepancy · 14% observed clear
Exmoor National Park2026-09-17 · 7 dark hours · EUMETSAT
32.5 ptcloud MAE · 3 matching classifications · 4 discrepancies · 57% observed clear
Galloway Forest Park2026-09-17 · 7 dark hours · EUMETSAT
10.6 ptcloud MAE · 7 matching classifications · 0 discrepancies · 0% observed clear
Houston2026-09-17 · 9 dark hours · GOES
31.4 ptcloud MAE · 6 matching classifications · 3 discrepancies · 44% observed clear
Isle of Coll2026-09-17 · 7 dark hours · EUMETSAT
12.9 ptcloud MAE · 6 matching classifications · 1 discrepancy · 0% observed clear
Jasper National Park2026-09-17 · 7 dark hours · GOES
0.0 ptcloud MAE · 7 matching classifications · 0 discrepancies · 100% observed clear
Kerry Dark Sky Reserve2026-09-17 · 8 dark hours · EUMETSAT
28.0 ptcloud MAE · 6 matching classifications · 2 discrepancies · 25% observed clear
London2026-09-17 · 7 dark hours · EUMETSAT
23.9 ptcloud MAE · 5 matching classifications · 2 discrepancies · 86% observed clear
Los Angeles2026-09-17 · 9 dark hours · GOES
1.6 ptcloud MAE · 9 matching classifications · 0 discrepancies · 100% observed clear
Mauna Kea2026-09-17 · 9 dark hours · HIMAWARI
4.2 ptcloud MAE · 9 matching classifications · 0 discrepancies · 11% observed clear
Mont-Mégantic2026-09-17 · 8 dark hours · GOES
42.0 ptcloud MAE · 5 matching classifications · 3 discrepancies · 38% observed clear
Nelson2026-09-17 · 9 dark hours · HIMAWARI
41.2 ptcloud MAE · 6 matching classifications · 3 discrepancies · 56% observed clear
New York City2026-09-17 · 9 dark hours · GOES
64.0 ptcloud MAE · 3 matching classifications · 6 discrepancies · 0% observed clear
Northumberland Dark Sky Park2026-09-17 · 7 dark hours · EUMETSAT
44.4 ptcloud MAE · 5 matching classifications · 2 discrepancies · 29% observed clear
Queenstown2026-09-17 · 9 dark hours · HIMAWARI
12.5 ptcloud MAE · 8 matching classifications · 1 discrepancy · 56% observed clear
Siding Spring Observatory2026-09-17 · 9 dark hours · HIMAWARI
0.0 ptcloud MAE · 9 matching classifications · 0 discrepancies · 100% observed clear
Sydney2026-09-17 · 9 dark hours · HIMAWARI
11.3 ptcloud MAE · 7 matching classifications · 2 discrepancies · 100% observed clear
Toronto2026-09-17 · 8 dark hours · GOES
9.5 ptcloud MAE · 8 matching classifications · 0 discrepancies · 100% observed clear
Uluru-Kata Tjuta2026-09-17 · 9 dark hours · HIMAWARI
0.0 ptcloud MAE · 9 matching classifications · 0 discrepancies · 100% observed clear
Wood Buffalo National Park2026-09-17 · 6 dark hours · GOES
39.0 ptcloud MAE · 4 matching classifications · 2 discrepancies · 50% observed clear
Declared validation cohort

Dark references and populated skies

30 fixed sites
Urban and suburban cohort · 8
Dark-site reference cohort · 22
Big Bend National ParkTexas, United States16.0 pt error24 nights · 215 matched hours · 86% observed clear · low-information sampleCherry Springs State ParkPennsylvania, United States24.3 pt error24 nights · 183 matched hours · 37% observed clearDeath Valley National ParkCalifornia, United States11.8 pt error24 nights · 198 matched hours · 85% observed clearCosmic CampgroundNew Mexico, United States39.5 pt error24 nights · 202 matched hours · 33% observed clearAcadia National ParkMaine, United States22.3 pt error24 nights · 178 matched hours · 49% observed clearMont-MéganticQuebec, Canada22.3 pt error24 nights · 171 matched hours · 32% observed clearJasper National ParkAlberta, Canada24.2 pt error24 nights · 152 matched hours · 30% observed clearWood Buffalo National ParkAlberta, Canada26.8 pt error24 nights · 116 matched hours · 16% observed clearExmoor National ParkEngland, United Kingdom25.9 pt error24 nights · 156 matched hours · 36% observed clearGalloway Forest ParkScotland, United Kingdom11.7 pt error24 nights · 144 matched hours · 0% observed clearNorthumberland Dark Sky ParkEngland, United Kingdom19.5 pt error24 nights · 142 matched hours · 10% observed clearBannau Brycheiniog (Brecon Beacons)Wales, United Kingdom20.1 pt error24 nights · 156 matched hours · 22% observed clearElan ValleyWales, United Kingdom16.9 pt error24 nights · 154 matched hours · 16% observed clearKerry Dark Sky ReserveIreland28.2 pt error24 nights · 155 matched hours · 29% observed clearIsle of CollScotland, United Kingdom25.6 pt error24 nights · 131 matched hours · 21% observed clearAoraki Mackenzie (Lake Tekapo)Canterbury, New Zealand19.9 pt error24 nights · 234 matched hours · 38% observed clearSiding Spring ObservatoryNew South Wales, Australia13.0 pt error24 nights · 222 matched hours · 86% observed clear · low-information sampleUluru-Kata TjutaNorthern Territory, Australia22.6 pt error24 nights · 235 matched hours · 53% observed clearMauna KeaHawaii, United States38.8 pt error24 nights · 215 matched hours · 30% observed clearAlice SpringsNorthern Territory, Australia17.8 pt error24 nights · 224 matched hours · 74% observed clearQueenstownOtago, New Zealand20.4 pt error24 nights · 227 matched hours · 14% observed clearNelsonNelson, New Zealand25.4 pt error24 nights · 235 matched hours · 49% observed clear
Reading the evidence

Four outcomes, one threshold

Clear = cloud ≤30%
Match: clearForecast clear · satellite clear
False alarmForecast clear · satellite cloudy
MissForecast cloudy · satellite clear
Match: cloudyForecast cloudy · satellite cloudy
Limits, skill definitions and data sources

Peirce skill is the observed-clear detection rate minus the probability of falsely detecting clear sky during an observed-cloudy hour. It measures discrimination after accounting for how often the sample was clear: +1 is perfect, 0 has no discrimination, and a negative value is worse than the corresponding constant decision. Heidke skill is shown as a secondary chance-corrected score. The observed clear-hour base rate sits beside every skill score, and samples above 85% clear are flagged as low-information. The two cohort classes are never averaged into a published headline. GoodSeeing's NASA climate pages measure usable nights, not hourly clear occurrence, so that different-granularity statistic is not substituted for an hourly base rate. This verifies cloud only—not the full observing score. Satellite masks can miss thin cirrus, smoke and haze, and they do not measure atmospheric steadiness. Forecasts come from MET Norway; independent masks come from NOAA GOES, EUMETSAT Meteosat and Himawari. Comparable results begin with the first full observing night on 25 August 2026. Observations never alter the forecast shown for that hour. Download the rolling contingency counts and metrics as CSV.

Method changelog

25 August 2026: the comparable series was reset to require exact UTC-hour matches, one astronomical-darkness boundary and version-qualified satellite masks; earlier display-resampled observations remain archived but do not enter public results.

3 September 2026: the publication counter was clarified as a completed-night snapshot. Incoming observations can increase during a day, but a night counts only after the UTC date closes and its required coverage passes.

4 September 2026: the publication metric was frozen before release: Peirce skill leads, observed base rate is adjacent, populated and dark-site cohorts are reported separately, and raw contingency counts are downloadable.